1: Planta Med. 1999 Aug;65(6):580/2.
Volatile Constituents of Vitex negundo Leaves.
Singh V, Dayal R, Bartley JP.
Chemistry Division, Forest Research Institute, Dehra Dun, India.
Volatile constituents of VITEX NEGUNDO leaves growing in Dehra Dun (India) were
analysed by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) and showed the presence
of sixty/six compounds. Such a study has not been done earlier on the Indian
oil. Thirty/five compounds, constituting 74.96% of the oil, were identified. The
main compounds are viridiflorol (19.55%), beta/caryophyllene (16.59%), sabinene
(12.07%), 4/terpineol (9.65%), gamma/terpinene (2.21%), caryophyllene oxide
(1.75%), 1/oceten/3/ol (1.59%), and globulol (1.05%). Viridiflorol is being
reported for the first time in the oil of VITEX species.
PMID: 17260284 [PubMed / in process]
2: Indian J Med Res. 2006 Oct;124(4):447/50.
Vitex negundo Linn (VN) leaf extract as an adjuvant therapy to standard
anti/inflammatory drugs.
Tandon VR, Gupta RK.
Postgraduate Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, Government Medical
College, Jammu , India.
BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVES: Leaves of Vitex negundo (VN) have been investigated for
their antiinflammatory activity in past, including its mechanism of action.
However, nobody has evaluated its potential role as an adjuvant with standard
anti/inflammatory therapy. Therefore, the present study was undertaken to
investigate interaction of ethanolic leaf extract of VN Linn with standard
anti/inflammatory drugs in sub/effective doses per orally (PO) to evaluate its
potential role as an adjuvant therapy. METHODS: Carrageenin induced hind paw
oedema and cotton pellet granuloma test in albino rats were employed to study
interaction of Vitex negundo (VN) leaf extract with standard antiinflammatory
drugs in sub/effective doses per orally to evaluate its potential role as an
adjuvant therapy. RESULTS: The sub/effective dose of VN potentiated
anti/inflammatory activity of phenlbutazone and ibuprofen significantly in
carrageenin induced hind paw oedema and cotton pellet granuloma models.
INTERPRETATION & CONCLUSION: The potentiation of anti/inflammatory activities
phenlbutazone and ibuprofen by VN indicates that it may be useful as an adjuvant
therapy along with standard antiinflammatory drugs.
PMID: 17159267 [PubMed / indexed for MEDLINE]
3: Bioorg Med Chem Lett. 2007 Jan 1;17(1):239/42. Epub 2006 Oct 5.
New antifungal flavonoid glycoside from Vitex negundo.
Sathiamoorthy B, Gupta P, Kumar M, Chaturvedi AK, Shukla PK, Maurya R.
Medicinal and Process Chemistry Division, Central Drug Research Institute,
Lucknow 226 001, India.
Flavonoids are ubiquitous in photosynthesizing cells and are common part of
human diet. For centuries, preparations containing these compounds as the
principal physiologically active constituents have been used to treat human
diseases. Increasingly, this class of natural products is becoming the subject
of anti/infective research. Our bioactivity guided fractionation of ethanolic
extract of leaves of Vitex negundo resulted in the isolation of new flavone
glycoside (4) along with five known compounds 1/3, 5 and 6. All the isolated
compounds were evaluated for their antimicrobial activities. The new flavone
glycoside 4 and compound 5 were found to have significant antifungal activity
against Trichophyton mentagrophytes and Cryptococcus neoformans at MIC 6.25
microg/ml.
PMID: 17027268 [PubMed / in process]
4: J Ethnopharmacol. 2007 Feb 12;109(3):547/51. Epub 2006 Sep 5.
Xanthine oxidase inhibitory activity of some Indian medical plants.
Umamaheswari M, Asokkumar K, Somasundaram A, Sivashanmugam T, Subhadradevi V,
Ravi TK.
Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Sri Ramakrishna Institute of
Paramedical Sciences, 395, Sarojini Naidu Road, Siddhapudur, Coimbatore 641044,
Tamil Nadu, India.
Xanthine oxidase inhibitory activity was assayed from six species belonging to
different families traditionally used for the treatment of gout and related
symptoms by indigenous people of India. The aqueous, methanol/water mixture and
methanolic extract of these plants were used for the experiment. Of the 18
extracts assayed, 14 extracts demonstrated xanthine oxidase inhibitory activity
at 100mug/ml, among which 10 extracts showed an inhibition greater than 50% and
IC(50) values below 100mug/ml. The methanolic extracts of Coccinia grandis,
Datura metel, Strychnos nux/vomica and Vitex negundo showed more than 50%
inhibition, hence, they were screened for their in vivo hypouricaemic activity
against potassium oxonate/induced hyperuricaemia in mice. Methanolic extracts of
Coccinia grandis and Vitex negundo showed a significant decrease in the serum
urate level (3.90+//0.07mg/dl, P<0.001) and (6.26+//0.06mg/dl, P<0.01),
respectively, when compared to hyperuricaemic control (11.42+//0.14mg/dl). This
effect is almost similar to the serum urate level of allopurinol
(3.89+//0.07mg/dl).
PMID: 17014977 [PubMed / in process]
5: Trop Biomed. 2005 Dec;22(2):165/70.
In vitro screening of five local medicinal plants for antibacterial activity
using disc diffusion method.
Zaidan MR, Noor Rain A, Badrul AR, Adlin A, Norazah A, Zakiah I.
Bioassay Unit, Herbal Medicine Research Centre, Institute for Medical Research,
Kuala Lumpur.
Medicinal plants have many traditional claims including the treatment of
ailments of infectious origin. In the evaluation of traditional claims,
scientific research is important. The objective of the study was to determine
the presence of antibacterial activity in the crude extracts of some of the
commonly used medicinal plants in Malaysia, Andrographis paniculata, Vitex
negundo, Morinda citrifolia, Piper sarmentosum, and Centella asiatica. In this
preliminary investigation, the leaves were used and the crude extracts were
subjected to screening against five strains of bacteria species, Methicillin
Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella
pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Escherichia coli, using standard protocol
of Disc Diffusion Method (DDM). The antibacterial activities were assessed by
the presence or absence of inhibition zones and MIC values. M. citrifolia, P.
sarmentosum and C. asiatica methanol extract and A. paniculata (water extract)
have potential antibacterial activities to both gram positive S. aureus and
Methicillin Resistant S. aureus (MRSA). None of the five plant extracts tested
showed antibacterial activities to gram negative E. coli and K. pneumoniae,
except for A. paniculata and P. sarmentosum which showed activity towards P.
aeruginosa. A. paniculata being the most potent at MIC of 2 g/disc. This finding
forms a basis for further studies on screening of local medicinal plant extracts
for antibacteria properties.
PMID: 16883283 [PubMed / in process]
6: Ying Yong Sheng Tai Xue Bao. 2006 Apr;17(4):695/8.
[Toxicity and oviposition/deterrence of Vitex negundo extracts to Plutella
xylostella]
[Article in Chinese]
Yuan L, Xue M, Liu Y, Wang H.
Department of Entomology, College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural
University, Taian 271018, China. yuliyuji@163.com
This paper studied the toxicity of dichloromethane/petroleum ether/and methanol
extracts from Vitex negundo seed and leaf to the 2nd and 4th instar larvae of
Plutella xylostella, and the oviposition/deterrence effects of these extracts to
P. xylostella adults. The results indicated that among the 6 extracts,
dichloromethane extract from seed had the highest toxicity to the 2nd and 4th
instar larvae, followed by dichloromethane extract from leaf, and methanol
extract from leaf had the lowest toxicity. The toxicity of dichloromethane
extract from seed to the 2nd and 4th instar larvae was as 2.62 and 3.09 times as
that of methanol extract from leaf, respectively, and the toxicity of
dichloromethane extract from seed to the 4th instar larvae was as 0.73 times as
that of phoxim. The methanol extract from leaf and the dichloromethane extract
from seed had higher oviposition/deterrence to P. xylostella adults. At the
concentration of 4 000 mg x L(/1), they had a longer residual efficacy, with the
oviposition/deterrence ratio being 60.6% and 55.2% after treated for 24 h, and
50.9% and 46.1% after treated for 72 h, respectively.
Publication Types:
English Abstract
Research Support, Non/U.S. Gov't
PMID: 16836104 [PubMed / indexed for MEDLINE]
7: Zhong Yao Cai. 2005 Dec;28(12):1100/3.
[Technology of extraction of essential oil from leaves of Vitex negundo L. var.
heterophylla (Franch.) Rehd. by supercritical CO2 apparatus]
[Article in Chinese]
Xie J, Sun B, Zheng F, Yu M.
School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Beijing Technology and
Business University, Beijing 100037.
By the designation of mono/factor experiments and orthogonal multifactor
experiments, influences of extraction temperature, extraction pressure, CO2 flow
rate and extraction times on the yield of oil from the leaves of Vitex negundo
L. var. heterophylla (Franch.) Rehd. in the supercritical CO2 extraction process
were investigated. The obtained optimal extraction technology was: the
extraction pressure: 22 MPa; the extraction temperature: 45 degrees C; the CO2
flow rate: 25 L/h and the extraction time: 3h. The oil yield on the above
supercritical CO2 extraction conditions was 3.22%.
Publication Types:
English Abstract
Research Support, Non/U.S. Gov't
PMID: 16568668 [PubMed / indexed for MEDLINE]
8: Chemosphere. 2006 Sep;64(10):1650/8. Epub 2006 Mar 9.
Behavioural responses and changes in biology of rice leaffolder following
treatment with a combination of bacterial toxins and botanical insecticides.
Nathan SS, Kalaivani K, Murugan K.
Department of Environmental Engineering, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju
City, Chonbuk 561 756, Republic of Korea. senthilkalaidr@hotmail.com
Ingestion of the bacterial toxins Bacillus thuringiensis (Berliner) sub sp
kurstaki, neem seed kernel extract and Vitex negundo L. (Lamiales:Verbenaceae)
leaf extract to the rice leaffolder (RLF), Cnaphalocrocis medinalis (Guenee)
(Lepidoptera: Pyralidae), resulted in altered leaf/folding behaviour and
biology. In laboratory experiments, treatment with plant extracts and bacterial
toxins suppressed leaf folding behaviour of C. medinalis. Larvae fed lower doses
moulted into progressive instars, but in the late fourth to early fifth instars,
spinning behaviour completely stopped, feeding was reduced and larvae
regurgitated a sticky, semisolid substance that occluded the tunnel in which the
pupae were formed. With the combination of Btk and botanicals, average leaf
consumption was decreased by a factor of two even at reduced concentrations when
compared with controls. Duration of larval and pupal stages, adult longevity and
fecundity were more affected by treatment with the combination of bacterial
toxins and both botanicals than by the treatment with the bacterial toxins or
botanicals individually. All larvae died in the treatment of bacterial toxins
and both botanicals combined.
PMID: 16524618 [PubMed / indexed for MEDLINE]
9: Phytomedicine. 2006 Mar;13(4):255/60. Epub 2005 Jun 27.
Tyrosinase inhibitory lignans from the methanol extract of the roots of Vitex
negundo Linn. and their structure/activity relationship.
Azhar/Ul/Haq, Malik A, Khan MT, Anwar/Ul/Haq, Khan SB, Ahmad A, Choudhary MI.
International Center for Chemical Sciences, H.E.J. Research Institute of
Chemistry, University of Karachi, Karachi/75270, Pakistan.
Phytochemical investigation of the methanol extract of Vitex negundo afforded
eight lignans; negundin A 1, negundin B 2,
6/hydroxy/4/(4/hydroxy/3/methoxy)/3/hydroxymethyl/7/methoxy/3,4/dihydro/2/naphth
aledehyde 3, vitrofolal E 4, (+)/lyoniresinol 5,
(+)/lyoniresinol/3alpha/O/beta/d/glucoside 6, (+)/(/)/pinoresinol 7, and
(+)/diasyringaresinol 8. The structures of these compounds were elucidated
unambiguously by spectroscopic methods including 1D and 2D NMR analysis and also
by comparing experimental data with literature data. The tyrosinase inhibitory
potency of these compounds has been evaluated and attempts to justify their
structure/activity relationships have been made in the present work. The
compound 5 was found to be the most potent (IC(50)=3.21 microM) while other
compounds demonstrated moderate to potent inhibitions. It was found that the
substitution of functional group(s) at C/2 and C/3 positions and the presence of
the /CH(2)OH group plays a vital role in the potency of the compounds. The
compound 5 can act as a potential lead molecule to develop new drugs for the
treatment of hyperpigmentation associated with the high production of
melanocytes.
Publication Types:
Comparative Study
Research Support, Non/U.S. Gov't
PMID: 16492528 [PubMed / indexed for MEDLINE]
10: Ying Yong Sheng Tai Xue Bao. 2005 Nov;16(11):2019/24.
[Interspecific association between understory species in a southern highland
plantation]
[Article in Chinese]
Hu L, Yan B, Liu Q, Zhu J.
Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, China.
hull@iae.ac.cn
Based upon 2 x 2 contingency table, chi2 test and association coefficient were
used to determine the interspecific association between understory species in a
southern highland plantation, and to analyze the restoration degree and the
stability of southern highland vegetations originated from plantation. The
Qianyanzhou in Taihe County of Jiangxi Province, a typical sample of southern
highland plantation, was chosen to make the study. The results showed that both
in shrub layer and in herb layer, species pair with chi2 reaching significant
level (P <0.05) was few in number. In shrub layer, 12 species pairs' association
was highly significant (P < 0.01), 19 pairs' was significant (P < 0.05), and
other 200 pairs' was nonsignificant, while in herb layer, 11 pairs' was highly
significant, 11 pairs' was significant and other 83 pairs' was nonsignificant.
According to interspecific association and correlation, shrub layer was divided
into two species groups: Group I . Adinandra bockiana, Syzygiumn grijsii,
Vaccinium bracteatunm, Ilex aculeolata, Smilax ferox, Eurya muricata and Group
II . Lespedeza davidii, Serissa serissoides, Vitex negundo var. cannabifolia.
Many species in Group I had a significantly negative association with the
species in Group II, and dominant species always played a key role in the
relationships among species. The three dominant species in herb layer,
Wooduardia japonica, Dryopteris atrata and Adiantun flabellulaturn, had a highly
significant positive correlation between each other, and moreover, had a
significant or highly significant positive association with many other
herbaceous species. Similarily, dominant species in shrub layer played a key
role on the interspecific association in the two species groups. The ratios of
positive and negative association indicating the species compositions of the two
layers were fluctuating, which was 125/106 in shrub layer and 42/63 in herb
layer. Several shortcomings of interspecific association method were pointed
out, with some proposals put forward.
Publication Types:
English Abstract
Research Support, Non/U.S. Gov't
PMID: 16471332 [PubMed / indexed for MEDLINE]
11: J Environ Sci (China). 2005;17(2):294/300.
Metal bioaccumulation in plant leaves from an industrious area and the botanical
garden in Beijing.
Liu YJ, Ding H, Zhu YG.
Beijing Centre for Physical and Chemical Analysis, Beijing 100089, China.
liuyanju@hotmail.com
The concentrations of Fe, Mn, Al, Zn, Pb, Ni, Cr, and As were measured in soils
and leaves from 21 plant species growing on hills near the Beijing Steel Factory
(BSF) and 17 plant species in the Beijing Botanical Garden (BBG). The results
showed that soils from BSF were Zn contaminated according to the threshold of
natural background of China. There was a metal contamination of the soils by Ni,
and Cr in BSF comparing with those in BBG. The comparison between concentrations
of metals in leaves from both sites indicated that, in general, accumulation of
metals in the leaves of the same species was significantly different between the
two sites. Even within the same locality each species accumulation of metals was
significantly variable. The study aimed to screen landscape plants for the
capacity to clean/up toxic metals in soils, and developed an overall metal
accumulation index (MAI) for leaves and then categorized the MAI that can be
applied broadly in the selection of species in polluted areas. To do this, the
spectrum of MAI values were divided into four classes: strongly accumulated (SA
or grade I), moderately accumulated (MA or grade II), intermediately accumulated
(IA or grade III), and weakly accumulated (WA or grade IV). The results showed
that elemental association between Fe, Al, Ni, and As was generally highly
correlated with each other in the sampling sites. This may suggest their common
biochemical characteristics. Generally, those species containing strong and
moderate accumulation in both sites are considered including Vitex negundo,
Broussonetia papyrifera, Ulmus pumila, and Rubia cordifolia. At BSF and other
industrial sites with a similar ecosystem, strong and moderate accumulation
species include Sophora japonica, Ampelopsis aconitifolia var. glabra,
Platycladus orientalis, Wikstroemia chamaedaphne, Cleistogenes squarrosa, Grewia
biloba, and in BBG, in addition Setaria viridis, Cotinus coggygria, Lespedeza
floribunda, Rhamnus parvifolia, Lespedeza tomentosa.
Publication Types:
Comparative Study
Research Support, Non/U.S. Gov't
PMID: 16295909 [PubMed / indexed for MEDLINE]
12: J Ethnopharmacol. 2006 Mar 8;104(1/2):129/31. Epub 2005 Oct 25.
Comparative anti/hyperglycemic potentials of medicinal plants.
Villasenor IM, Lamadrid MR.
Natural Products Research Laboratory, Institute of Chemistry, University of the
Philippines, Diliman, Quezon City 1101, Philippines. irene.villasenor@up.edu.ph
Validation of the ethnobotanical use of the leaves of Artemisia vulgaris Linn.
(Compositae), Eucalyptus tereticornis Sm. (Myrtaceae), Solanum nigrum Linn.
(Solanaceae), and Vitex negundo Linn. (Verbenaceae); stems of Nopalea
cochinellifera (Linn.) Salm/Dyck (Cactaceae); roots of Imperata cylindrica
Beauv. (Gramineae); dried bark of Syzygium cumini (Linn.) Skeels (Myrtaceae) as
anti/diabetic agents using the oral glucose tolerance test showed that only the
bark of Syzygium cumini and the leaves of Vitex negundo and Eucalyptus
tereticornis exhibited anti/hyperglycemic activities when fed simultaneously
with glucose. At the same dosages of 5 mg/20 g mouse, Syzygium cumini/treated
mice showed a significant decrease in blood glucose levels (BGLs) at 30 min
(alpha=0.10) and from 45 min onwards at alpha=0.05. Vitex negundo exhibited
greater anti/hyperglycemic activity than Eucalyptus tereticornis. Both showed a
significant decrease in BGLs at 60 min but at alpha=0.05 for Vitex negundo and
at alpha=0.07 for Eucalyptus tereticornis. There was no significant lowering in
BGLs for Imperata cylindrica and Solanum nigrum while there was even an increase
in BGLs for Nopalea cochinellifera and Artemisia vulgaris.
Publication Types:
Comparative Study
PMID: 16253452 [PubMed / indexed for MEDLINE]
13: Indian J Physiol Pharmacol. 2005 Apr;49(2):199/205.
An experimental evaluation of anticonvulsant activity of Vitex/negundo.
Tandon VR, Gupta RK.
Post Graduate Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, Govt. Medical College,
Jammu 180 001. dr_vishaltandon@yahoo.com
Maximal electroshock seizures (MES) in albino rats and pentylenetetarazole (PTZ)
induced seizures in albino mice were used to study anticonvulsant activity of
Vitex/negundo leaf extract. The ethanolic leaf extract of Vitex/negundo was
administered orally in graded doses (250, 500 and 1000 mg/kg p.o) in both the
experimental models and the effects were compared with diphenylhydantoin in MES
method and valporic acid in PTZ induced seizures method as standard control
respectively. The Vitex/negundo in the doses (250, 500 and 1000 mg/kg, p.o) did
not show protection against MES to any significant extent but significant
post/ictal depression was observed in the dose of 1000 mg/kg body weight in
comparison to control. However, sub/protective dose of test drug (100 mg/ kg,
p.o) potentiated the anticonvulsant action of diphenylhydantoin. The test drug
in the dose (1000 mg/kg, po) showed 50% protection in clonic seizures and
24/hour mortality against PTZ induced seizures. It also decreased number and
duration of convulsions significantly. Vitex/negundo potentiated anticonvulsant
activity of valporic acid. The anticonvulsant activity of Vitex/negundo has not
been found equi/effective with standard drugs. These findings suggest that
Vitex/negundo possesses anticonvulsant activity particularly against PTZ induced
convulsions. Moreover, the potentiation of diphenylhydantoin and valporic acid
by Vitex/negundo indicates that it may be useful as an adjuvant therapy along
with standard anticonvulsants and can possibly lower the requirement of
diphenylhydantoin and valporic acid.
Publication Types:
Comparative Study
Evaluation Studies
Research Support, Non/U.S. Gov't
PMID: 16170989 [PubMed / indexed for MEDLINE]
14: Indian J Physiol Pharmacol. 2005 Apr;49(2):163/70.
Antinociceptive activity of Vitex/negundo Linn leaf extract.
Gupta RK, Tandon VR.
Department of Pharmacology, M.G.I.M.S. (Sevagram), Wardha 442 102.
Tail flick test in rats and acetic acid induced writhing in mice were employed
to study the antinociceptive activity of ethanolic leaf extract of Vitex/negundo
(VN) (100, 250 and 500 mg/kg, p.o). The effect was compared with meperidine (40
mg/kg, sc) in tail flick method and aspirin (50 mg/kg, p.o) in writhing test as
a standard control respectively. An interaction with naloxone hydrochloride was
also studied in tail flick method for its mechanism of central analgesic action.
The test drug showed significant analgesic activity in dose dependant manner in
both the experimental models. In comparison to standard drug (meperidine), more
than ten times dose of VN extract was required to produce comparable significant
antinociceptive activity. The sub/effective dose (5 mg/kg, po) of VN potentiated
the analgesic activity of meperidine (4 mg/kg, sc) and aspirin (25 mg/kg, po).
Naloxone (1 mg/kg, sc) did not reverse the analgesic effect of VN extract. Our
observations suggest that VN possesses both central and peripheral analgesic
activity. The central analgesic action does not seem to be mediated through
opioid receptors. It, may prove to be a useful adjuvant therapy along with
standard analgesic drug.
Publication Types:
Comparative Study
PMID: 16170984 [PubMed / indexed for MEDLINE]
15: Ecotoxicol Environ Saf. 2006 Sep;65(1):102/7. Epub 2005 Jul 19.
Effect of biopesticides on the lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) of the rice
leaffolder, Cnaphalocrocis medinalis (Guenee) (Insecta: Lepidoptera: Pyralidae).
Nathan SS, Kalaivani K, Murugan K.
Department of Environmental Engineering, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju
City, Chonbuk 561 756, South Korea. senthilkalaidr@hotmail.com
The effects of bacterial toxins (Bacillus thuringiensis) and botanical
insecticides (Azadirachta indica and Vitex negundo) on lactate dehydrogenase
(LDH) activity in Cnaphalocrocis medinalis (Guenee) (the rice leaffolder) were
evaluated. Bacterial toxins and botanical insecticides affected the LDH activity
individually and in combination. When they were combined, the effect was more
severe at low concentration. There was a decrease in enzyme activity over
controls at all concentrations tested. The combined effect of the three
biopesticides resulted in a considerable decrease in enzyme activity, indicating
strong enzyme inhibition. Clear dose/response relationships were established
with respect to enzyme activity.
PMID: 16033698 [PubMed / indexed for MEDLINE]
16: J Ethnopharmacol. 2005 Oct 3;101(1/3):84/9.
In vitro HIV type 1 reverse transcriptase inhibitory activities of Thai
medicinal plants and Canna indica L. rhizomes.
Woradulayapinij W, Soonthornchareonnon N, Wiwat C.
Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mahidol University, Sri
Ayudthaya Road, Rajdhevee, Bangkok 10400, Thailand.
Water and 80% ethanol extracts of 20 Thai medicinal plants used to treat AIDS
were tested for their HIV type 1 reverse transcriptase inhibitory activity. The
water extracts of Ipomoea carnea subsp. fistulosa (aerial parts), Vitex glabrata
(branch), Vitex trifolia (aerial part), Vitex negundo (aerial part), Canna
indica (rhizome), and Justicia gendarussa (aerial part) showed HIV/1 RT
inhibition ratio (% IR) higher than 90% at a 200 microg/ml concentration. The
water extract of Canna indica rhizomes (IC(50) 22.56 microg/ml) was selected for
further study, i.e. for its HIV/1 RT inhibition activity and the purification
and characterization of the active proteins. Proteins in water extract were
fractionated by ammonium sulfate precipitation and separated by sodium dodecyl
sulfate acrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS/PAGE), yielding two proteins, Cip31
(31 kDa) and Cip14 (14 kDa) with IC50 of 17.41 and 19.25 microg/ml and
isoelectric point (pI) of 3.5 and 6.35, respectively. Both proteins showed
significant HIV/1 RT inhibition.
Publication Types:
Research Support, Non/U.S. Gov't
PMID: 15951145 [PubMed / indexed for MEDLINE]
17: J Nat Prod. 2004 Dec;67(12):2073/5.
Lignan derivatives and a norditerpene from the seeds of Vitex negundo.
Ono M, Nishida Y, Masuoka C, Li JC, Okawa M, Ikeda T, Nohara T.
School of Agriculture, Kyushu Tokai University, Choyo 5435, Aso, Kumamoto
869/1404, Japan. mono@ktmail.ktokai/u.ac.jp
A new phenyldihydronaphthalene/type lignan, vitedoin A (1), a new
phenylnaphthalene/type lignan alkaloid, vitedoamine A (2), and a new
trinorlabdane/type diterpene, vitedoin B (3), were isolated from the seeds of
Vitex negundo along with five known lignan derivatives (4/8). Their chemical
structures were determined mainly on the basis of NMR and MS data. Compounds 1,
2, and 4/7 showed stronger antioxidative activity than alpha/tocopherol using
the ferric thiocyanate method. Compounds 1, 2, and 4/7 showed higher
radical/scavenging effect on the stable free radical,
1,1/diphenyl/2/picrylhydrazyl, than L/cysteine.
PMID: 15620254 [PubMed / indexed for MEDLINE]
18: Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo). 2004 Nov;52(11):1269/72.
Enzyme inhibiting lignans from Vitex negundo.
Azhar/Ul/Haq, Malik A, Anis I, Khan SB, Ahmed E, Ahmed Z, Nawaz SA, Choudhary
MI.
International Centre for Chemical Sciences, H.E.J. Research Institute of
Chemistry, University of Karachi, Karachi/75270, Pakistan.
Two new lignans trivially named negundins A (1) and B (2), were isolated along
with (+)/diasyringaresinol (3), (+)/lyoniresinol (4), vitrofolal E (5) and
vitrofolal F (6), reported for the first time from this species. The structures
of the new compounds were established through spectral studies. Compound 2
showed potent inhibitory activity against lipoxygenase enzyme, while 5 showed
moderate activity against butyryl/cholinesterase.
Publication Types:
Research Support, Non/U.S. Gov't
PMID: 15520511 [PubMed / indexed for MEDLINE]
19: J Med Food. 2004 Fall;7(3):343/8.
The evaluation of nitric oxide scavenging activity of certain Indian medicinal
plants in vitro: a preliminary study.
Jagetia GC, Baliga MS.
Department of Radiobiology, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal, Karnataka, India.
gc.jagetia@kmc.manipal.edu
The plant extracts of 17 commonly used Indian medicinal plants were examined for
their possible regulatory effect on nitric oxide (NO) levels using sodium
nitroprusside as an NO donor in vitro. Most of the plant extracts tested
demonstrated direct scavenging of NO and exhibited significant activity. The
potency of scavenging activity was in the following order: Alstonia scholaris >
Cynodon dactylon > Morinda citrifolia > Tylophora indica > Tectona grandis >
Aegle marmelos (leaf) > Momordica charantia > Phyllanthus niruri > Ocimum
sanctum > Tinospora cordifolia (hexane extract) = Coleus ambonicus > Vitex
negundo (alcoholic) > T. cordifolia (dichloromethane extract) > T. cordifolia
(methanol extract) > Ipomoea digitata > V. negundo (aqueous) > Boerhaavia
diffusa > Eugenia jambolana (seed) > T. cordifolia (aqueous extract) > V.
negundo (dichloromethane/methanol extract) > Gingko biloba > Picrorrhiza kurroa
> A. marmelos (fruit) > Santalum album > E. jambolana (leaf). All the extracts
evaluated exhibited a dose/dependent NO scavenging activity. The A. scholaris
bark showed its greatest NO scavenging effect of 81.86% at 250 microg/mL, as
compared with G. biloba, where 54.9% scavenging was observed at a similar
concentration. The present results suggest that these medicinal plants might be
potent and novel therapeutic agents for scavenging of NO and the regulation of
pathological conditions caused by excessive generation of NO and its oxidation
product, peroxynitrite.
Publication Types:
Evaluation Studies
PMID: 15383230 [PubMed / indexed for MEDLINE]
20: Phytother Res. 2004 Jan;18(1):8/13.
Reproduction in male rats is vulnerable to treatment with the flavonoid/rich
seed extracts of Vitex negundo.
Das S, Parveen S, Kundra CP, Pereira BM.
Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee /
247 667, Uttaranchal, India.
A partially purified flavonoid/rich extract was prepared from the seed of Vitex
negundo. The effect of this extract on the reproductive system of male rats was
investigated at four different concentrations. All the major accessory sex
organs shed weight when the preparation was administered at doses of >or=15
mg/rat/day after 15 days of treatment. The drop in weight was also reflected in
disturbed tissue biochemistry. Secretory products such as citric acid in the
prostate, fructose in seminal vesicles and epididymal alpha/glucosidase
activity, indices of accessory sex organ function in males, diminished.
Microscopic examination of the sperm derived from the cauda epididymides of
treated animals showed only a marginal change in vitality. However, sperm
numbers dwindled and slackness in their motility was observed, factors that may
impede fertility. Toxicity testing in blood did not point to distress in any of
the vital organs. Taken together, it is inferred that the seed extracts of V.
negundo interfere with male reproductive function without producing adverse
toxicity in other vital organs. Copyright 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Publication Types:
Research Support, Non/U.S. Gov't
PMID: 14750193 [PubMed / indexed for MEDLINE]
21: J Ethnopharmacol. 2003 Aug;87(2/3):199/206.
Anti/inflammatory and analgesic activities of mature fresh leaves of Vitex
negundo.
Dharmasiri MG, Jayakody JR, Galhena G, Liyanage SS, Ratnasooriya WD.
Department of Zoology, University of Colombo, 3, Colombo, Sri Lanka.
This study confirmed the oral anti/inflammatory, analgesic and antihistamine
properties of mature fresh leaves (MFL) of Vitex negundo L. (Verbenaceae)
claimed in the Ayurveda medicine by orally treating a water extract of the
leaves to rats. The early phase (2h) of carrageenan/induced rat paw oedema was
significantly (P<0.01) suppressed in an inversely does/dependent (r(2)=1,
P<0.01) manner by MFL. The EC(50) was 2g/kg of MFL. In the formaldehyde/induced
rat paw oedema test, the 2.5 and 5g/kg leaves significantly (P<0.05) suppressed
the inflammation on days 4/6 of the test. In the hot plate test, 2.5 and 5g/kg
of MFL showed a significant (P<0.05) and directly dose/dependent analgesic
activity at 1h of treatment while the activity was absent in the tail flick test
in rats. The EC(50) for the analgesic activity was 4.1g/kg. In the formalin
test, 1.25, 2.5 and 5g/kg of MFL significantly (P<0.05) suppressed the pain in
both the phases of the test like aspirin. The leaves showed an inversely
dose/dependent in vivo antihistamine and in vitro prostaglandin (PG) synthesis
inhibition, membrane stabilising and antioxidant activities. Naloxone did not
abolish the analgesic activity in the hot plate test. A 5g/kg of MFL did not
impair muscle strength and co/ordination and did not induce sedation. The
treatment of 5g/kg of MFL did not show signs of acute toxicity or stress.
Fourteen/day oral treatment of 5g/kg of MFL significantly increased the serum
activity of AST. Flowering of the tree did not abolish the analgesic and
anti/inflammatory activities of the leaves. These observations revealed that the
fresh leaves of Vitex negundo have anti/inflammatory and pain suppressing
activities possibly mediated via PG synthesis inhibition, antihistamine,
membrane stabilising and antioxidant activities. The antihistamine activity can
produce the anti/itching effect claimed in Ayurveda medicine.
PMID: 12860308 [PubMed / indexed for MEDLINE]
22: J Nat Prod. 2003 Jun;66(6):865/7.
Cytotoxic flavone analogues of vitexicarpin, a constituent of the leaves of
Vitex negundo.
Diaz F, Chavez D, Lee D, Mi Q, Chai HB, Tan GT, Kardono LB, Riswan S, Fairchild
CR, Wild R, Farnsworth NR, Cordell GA, Pezzuto JM, Kinghorn AD.
Program for Collaborative Research in the Pharmaceutical Sciences and Department
of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, University of
Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA.
Bioassay/guided fractionation of the chloroform/soluble extract of the leaves of
Vitex negundo led to the isolation of the known flavone vitexicarpin (1), which
exhibited broad cytotoxicity in a human cancer cell line panel. In an attempt to
increase the cytotoxic potency of 1, a series of acylation reactions was
performed on this compound to obtain its methylated (2), acetylated (3), and six
new acylated (4/9) derivatives. Compound 9, the previously unreported
5,3'/dihexanoyloxy/3,6,7,4'/tetramethoxyflavone, showed comparative cytotoxic
potency to compound 1 and was selected for further evaluation. However, this
compound was found to be inactive when evaluated in the in vivo hollow fiber
assay with Lu1, KB, and LNCaP cells at the highest dose (40 mg/kg/body weight)
tested, and in the in vivo P/388 leukemia model (135 mg/kg), using the ip
administration route.
Publication Types:
Comparative Study
Research Support, Non/U.S. Gov't
Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.
PMID: 12828478 [PubMed / indexed for MEDLINE]
23: J Ethnopharmacol. 2003 May;86(1):75/80.
Snake venom neutralization by Indian medicinal plants (Vitex negundo and Emblica
officinalis) root extracts.
Alam MI, Gomes A.
Department of Physiology, Acharya Shri Chander College of Medical Sciences and
Hospital, Sidhra, Jammu 180006, India. iqbalasc@yahoo.com
The methanolic root extracts of Vitex negundo Linn. and Emblica officinalis
Gaertn. were explored for the first time for antisnake venom activity. The plant
(V. negundo and E. officinalis) extracts significantly antagonized the Vipera
russellii and Naja kaouthia venom induced lethal activity both in in vitro and
in vivo studies. V. russellii venom/induced haemorrhage, coagulant,
defibrinogenating and inflammatory activity was significantly neutralized by
both plant extracts. No precipitating bands were observed between the plant
extract and snake venom. The above observations confirmed that the plant
extracts possess potent snake venom neutralizing capacity and need further
investigation.
Publication Types:
Research Support, Non/U.S. Gov't
PMID: 12686445 [PubMed / indexed for MEDLINE]
24: Heredity. 2003 Mar;90(3):212/9.
The Great Wall of China: a physical barrier to gene flow?
Su H, Qu LJ, He K, Zhang Z, Wang J, Chen Z, Gu H.
National Laboratory of Protein Engineering and Plant Genetic Engineering,
College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People's Republic
of China.
One population from each of six plant species along both sides of the
Juyong/guan Great Wall, together with one population from each of five species
along both sides of a path on a mountain top near Juyong/guan, were selected to
study the effect of the Great Wall as a barrier on genetic differentiation
between two subpopulations using RAPD markers. Significant genetic
differentiation was found between the subpopulations on both sides of the Great
Wall. A wind/pollinated woody species, Ulmus pumila, showed less genetic
differentiation than four insect/pollinated species: Prunus armeniaca, Ziziphus
jujuba, Vitex negundo, and Heteropappus hispidus. Cleistogenes caespitosa, a
wind/pollinated perennial herb, displayed more genetic differentiation between
subpopulations than the insect/pollinated species because of its propagation
strategy. Although AMOVA analysis showed that subpopulations divided by a
mountain path had diverged genetically, the variance component between the
subpopulations on both sides of the Great Wall was significantly larger than
that between the subpopulations at the control site. Therefore, it is reasonable
to deduce that the Juyong/guan Great Wall has served as a physical barrier to
gene flow between subpopulations separated for more than 600 years.
Publication Types:
Research Support, Non/U.S. Gov't
PMID: 12634804 [PubMed / indexed for MEDLINE]
25: Phytother Res. 2003 Feb;17(2):129/34.
Isolation, characterization and biological activity of betulinic acid and
ursolic acid from Vitex negundo L.
Chandramu C, Manohar RD, Krupadanam DG, Dashavantha RV.
Department of Genetics, Osmania University, Hyderabad, India.
dmanoharrao@yahoo.com
Two pentacyclic triterpenoids, betulinic acid
(3beta/hydroxylup/20/(29)/en/28/oic acid) (3), and ursolic acid
(2beta/hydroxyurs/12/en/28/oic acid) (4), were isolated for the first time from
leaves of Vitex negundo L. along with three other compounds; an aliphatic
alcohol n/hentriacontanol (1), beta/sitosterol (2) and p/hydroxybenzoic acid
(5). Their antifeedant activity against the larvae of an agricultural pest, the
castor semilooper (Achoea janata), in a no/choice laboratory assay and their
antibacterial activity against Bacillus subtilis and Escherichia coli, by the
paper disc method, were tested. Ursolic acid (4) showed more effective
antifeedant activity than the betulinic acid (3). However, both these compounds
have shown a very mild antibacterial activity. The other three compounds;
n/hentriacontanol (1), beta/sitosterol (2) and p/hydroxybenzoic acid (5) have
shown a little antifeedant activity against the larvae and did not show any
antibacterial activity. Copyright 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Publication Types:
Research Support, Non/U.S. Gov't
PMID: 12601674 [PubMed / indexed for MEDLINE]
26: Zhongguo Zhong Xi Yi Jie He Za Zhi. 1999 Feb;19(2):93/5.
[Clinical and experimental study on treatment of asthma with juanxiao tablet]
[Article in Chinese]
Hong G, Zhang Y, Huang J.
Jiangxi College of TCM, Nanchang (330006).
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the therapeutic effect of Juanxiao Tablet (JXT) in
treating asthma. METHODS: Clinical observation on 447 cases of asthma was done
by double/ or single/blind control method, and the therapeutic effect and safety
of JXT were analysed. The effect of JXT in antiasthma, expectorant, antisepsis,
hypoxia tolerance was studied, and its acute and chronic toxicity also examined.
RESULTS: The clinical control rate in patients treated with JXT was 38.2%, its
markedly effective rate 31.2% and total effective rate 93.4%, while in patients
treated with Oleum Vitex Negundo, the respective data were 13.3%, 20.0% and
68.5%. Results of pulmonary function and IgE measurement were consistent with
clinical effect. Experimental study showed that the JXT has the action of
anti/asthma, expectorant, antisepsis and hypoxia tolerance enhancement, its LD50
was (40.48 +// 5.17) g/kg. CONCLUSION: JXT is a new Chinese herbal preparation
of good effect, less toxic/side reaction for asthma treatment.
Publication Types:
Clinical Trial
English Abstract
Randomized Controlled Trial
PMID: 11783305 [PubMed / indexed for MEDLINE]
27: Ying Yong Sheng Tai Xue Bao. 2000 Aug;11(4):497/500.
[Stable carbon isotope characteristics of some woody plants in warm temperate
zone]
[Article in Chinese]
Han X, Yan C, Chen L, Mei X.
Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093.
It was found that the delta 13C values of the foliar, trunk, flower, and fruit
of some woody plants in broad/leaved forest in warm temperate zone were affected
by many factors, and showed a great interspecific difference and temporal and
spatial heterogeneity. The intraspecific variation of delta 13C values was also
great, with the order of Vitex negundo var. heterophylla
6.549@1000(/22.226@1000(/)/28.775@1000), Fraxinus rhynchophylla
5.706@1000(/23.687@1000(/)/29.393@1000), Jugans mandshurica 5.229@1000
(/26.146@1000/31.375@1000), Quercus liaotungensis 3.333@1000
(/24.324@1000(/)/27.657@1000), Syringa pekinensis
2.414@1000(/25.655@1000(/)/28.070@1000), and Prunus armeniaca var. ansu
2.296@1000 (/23.436@1000(/)/26.432@1000). Different organs of the same species
had different delta 13C values: trunk and root barks had the low, while xylem
had the highest delta 13C value. According to the relationship analysis between
delta 13C value of Prunus armeniaca var. ansu xylem and environment factors, it
was found that delta 13C value was strongly affected by annual mean temperature
and followed by annual precipitation, mean temperature and precipitation in
growth season.
Publication Types:
English Abstract
PMID: 11767664 [PubMed / indexed for MEDLINE]
28: Phytother Res. 2001 Sep;15(6):519/23.
Antiradical and antilipoperoxidative effects of some plant extracts used by Sri
Lankan traditional medical practitioners for cardioprotection.
J Munasinghe TC, Seneviratne CK, Thabrew MI, Abeysekera AM.
Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Sri
Jayawardenepura, Nugegoda, Sri Lanka.
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are implicated in many pathogenic processes
including the cardiovascular system. Detoxification of ROS by antioxidants (AO)
therefore affords protection against such diseases. There is a growing body of
evidence suggesting that antioxidants contribute to cardioprotection. Therefore,
nine plants that are components of Ayurvedic formulations used for the therapy
of cardiovascular diseases were investigated to determine whether antioxidant
activity is one of the mechanisms by which these plants exert cardioprotection.
Initially aqueous freeze dried extracts of the plants were prepared and the
antioxidant activity was measured (a) in vitro, by DPPH
(1,1/diphenyl/2/picrylhydrazyl) radical scavenging and deoxyribose damage
protection assays, and (b) in vivo, by effects on lipid peroxidation. Terminalia
arjuna showed significant DPPH radical scavenging activity with EC(50) 8.3 +//
0.3 microg/mL (similar to L/ascorbic acid). The potency of this activity was
much lower in Cassia fistula (EC(50) = 59.0 +// 2.7 microg/mL). The other seven
extracts demonstrated no such activity in the concentration range tested. In the
deoxyribose damage protection assay, T. arjuna> demonstrated no significant
effect in the concentration range 0/20 microg/mL, but above /20 microg/mL
concentration (20/125 microg/mL), a pro/oxidant activity was observed (although
markedly less than demonstrated by L/ascorbic acid). A similar trend was
observed with Vitex negundo. In contrast, C. fistula afforded a 30% protection
against such damage at 125 microg/mL concentration. Other plant extracts did not
show any activity in this assay. At a dose of 90 mg/kg (single dose) T. arjuna,
cardiac lipid peroxidation in male Wistar rats was reduced by 38.8% +// 2.6%
(p<0.05) whereas the reduction was only 11.6% +// 3.5% in the case of C. fistula
even at a dose of 120 mg/kg. Of all the plants tested, T. arjuna demonstrated
the highest antioxidant activity. Overall results show that only some plants
used in the therapy of cardiovascular disease exert their beneficial effects via
antioxidant activity. Copyright 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Publication Types:
Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non/P.H.S.
PMID: 11536382 [PubMed / indexed for MEDLINE]
29: Indian J Exp Biol. 2000 Mar;38(3):290/2.
Effect of solvent residues of Vitex negundo Linn. and Cassia fistula Linn. on
pulse beetle, Callosobruchus maculatus Fab. and its larval parasitoid, Dinarmus
vagabundus (Timberlake).
Raja N, Albert S, Ignacimuthu S.
Entomology Research Institute, Loyola College, Chennai, India.
Effect of solvent residues of Vitex negundo L. and Cassia fistula L. leaves (0.5
and 1%) was studied on egg laying and adult emergence of Callosobruchus
maculatus Fab. and on percentage of larval parasitism by Dinarmus vagabundus
(Timberlake). Cowpea seeds treated with methanol and aqueous extract of Vitex,
at these concentrations (0.5 and 1%), significantly reduced the number of eggs
and emergence of F1 adults of C. maculatus. Both Vitex and Cassia extracts did
not affect the percentage of parasitism by D. vagabundus on C. maculatus grubs.
Publication Types:
Research Support, Non/U.S. Gov't
PMID: 10927878 [PubMed / indexed for MEDLINE]
30: Indian J Exp Biol. 1999 Feb;37(2):143/6.
CNS activity of Vitex negundo Linn. in mice.
Gupta M, Mazumder UK, Bhawal SR.
Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, Calcutta, India.
Methanolic extract (ME) of the leaves of V. negundo potentiated significantly
the sleeping time induced by pentobarbitone sodium, diazepam and chlorpromazine
in mice. ME possesses analgesic properties and potentiated analgesia induced by
morphine and pethidine. ME also showed significant protection against strychnine
and leptazole induced convulsions. The results suggest that ME exhibits CNS
depressant activity in a dose dependent manner.
PMID: 10641133 [PubMed / indexed for MEDLINE]
31: J Ethnopharmacol. 1998 Sep;62(2):173/82.
Screening of 34 Indian medicinal plants for antibacterial properties.
Perumal Samy R, Ignacimuthu S, Sen A.
Entomology Research Institute, Loyola College, Chennai, India.
A total of 34 plant species belonging to 18 different families, selected on the
basis of folklore medicinal reports practised by the tribal people of Western
Ghats, India, were assayed for antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli,
Klebsiella aerogenes, Proteus vulgaris, and Pseudomonas aerogenes (gram/negative
bacteria) at 1000/5000 ppm using the disc diffusion method. Of these 16 plants
showed activity; among them Cassia fistula, Terminalia arjuna and Vitex negundo
showed significant antibacterial activity against the tested bacteria. Our
findings confirm the traditional therapeutic claims for these herbs.
Publication Types:
Research Support, Non/U.S. Gov't
PMID: 9741889 [PubMed / indexed for MEDLINE]
32: Cytobios. 1996;86(346):155/65.
Effect of plant extracts and systemic fungicide on the pineapple fruit/rotting
fungus, Ceratocystis paradoxa.
Damayanti M, Susheela K, Sharma GJ.
Department of Life Sciences, Manipur University, Imphal, India.
Antifungal activities of extracts of sixteen plants were tested against
Ceratocystis paradoxa which causes soft rot of pineapples. Xanthium strumarium
was the most effective followed by Allium sativum. The effectiveness of various
extracts against C. paradoxa was in the decreasing order of Meriandra
bengalensis, Mentha piperita, Curcuma longa, Phlogacanthus thyrsiflorus, Toona
ciliata, Vitex negundo, Azadirachta indica, Eupatorium birmanicum, Ocimum
sanctum and Leucas aspera. Extracts of Cassia tora, Gynura cusimba, Calotropis
gigantea and Ocimum canum showed poor fungitoxicity. Ethanol was suitable for
extraction of the inhibitory substance from X. strumarium. Acetonitrile was
highly toxic to this fungus. Millipore filter/sterilized extracts had a more
inhibitory effect on the fungus than the autoclaved samples. Treatment of
pineapple fruits infested with C. paradoxa by X. strumarium extract reduced the
severity of the disease.
Publication Types:
Research Support, Non/U.S. Gov't
PMID: 9022263 [PubMed / indexed for MEDLINE]
33: Indian J Malariol. 1995 Mar;32(1):14/23.
Larvicidal activity of a few plant extracts against Culex quinquefasciatus and
Anopheles stephensi.
Pushpalatha E, Muthukrishnan J.
Chemical Ecology Laboratory, School of Biological Sciences, Madurai Kamraj
University, India.
Larvicidal activity of partially purified extracts of leaves of Vitex negundo,
Nerium oleander and seeds of Syzygium jambolanum on different instars of Culex
quinquefasciatus and Anopheles stephensi was estimated. Petroleum ether (PE):
Ethyl acetate (EA) 3:1 fraction of V. negundo, 1:1 fractions of N. oleander and
S. jambolanum inflicted considerable larval mortality and interfered with
pupal/adult metamorphosis. At very low concentration the active fractions of
these plant extracts extended the duration of the various larval instars and of
pupation. In general, I and II instar larvae were more susceptible to the active
fractions. Species and stage specific differences in the susceptibility of the
mosquitoes to the active fractions of the plant extracts were observed.
Publication Types:
Research Support, Non/U.S. Gov't
PMID: 8549835 [PubMed / indexed for MEDLINE]
34: Planta Med. 1994 Dec;60(6):583/4.
Composition of the Essential Oil of the Leaves of Vitex negundo.
Mallavarapu GR, Ramesh S, Kaul PN, Bhattacharya AK, Rao BR.
Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants Field Station, G.K.V.K. Post,
Bangalore 560065, India.
PMID: 17236087 [PubMed / in process]
35: Indian J Med Res. 1992 Jul;95:200/3.
Mosquito repellent activity of oils from Vitex negundo Linn. leaves.
Hebbalkar DS, Hebbalkar GD, Sharma RN, Joshi VS, Bhat VS.
Organic Division, National Chemical Laboratory, Pune.
Oil obtained from stream distillate of V. negundo leaves was fractionated by
column chromatography. Mosquito repellence activity, as evaluated against Aedes
aegypti was mainly confined to the most polar fractions. The protection period
against mosquito bites by polar fractions ranged between 1/3 h. However, the
mean protection period values of these fractions did not show significant
increase in the subsequent subfractions.
PMID: 1398810 [PubMed / indexed for MEDLINE]
36: J Nat Prod. 1992 Feb;55(2):163/7.
Chemical investigation and anti/inflammatory activity of Vitex negundo seeds.
Chawla AS, Sharma AK, Handa SS, Dhar KL.
Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India.
The CHCl3 extract of the defatted seeds of Vitex negundo exhibited
anti/inflammatory activity and yielded four triterpenoids: 3
beta/acetoxyolean/12/en/27/oic acid [1], 2 alpha, 3
alpha/dihydroxyoleana/5,12/dien/28/oic acid [2], 2 beta,3
alpha/diacetoxyoleana/5,12/dien/28/oic acid [3], and 2 alpha,3
beta/diacetoxy/18/hydroxyoleana/5,12/dien/28/oic acid [5]. This is the first
report of the isolation of compounds 2, 3, and 5 from a natural source.
Publication Types:
Research Support, Non/U.S. Gov't
PMID: 1624939 [PubMed / indexed for MEDLINE]
37: Arch Pharm Res. 1991 Mar;14(1):96/8.
Hepatoprotective effect of Vitex negundo against carbon tetrachloride/induced
liver damage.
Avadhoot Y, Rana AC.
College of Pharmacy, Shri Govindram Seksaria Institute of Technology & Science,
Indore, India.
Alcoholic extract of the seeds of Vitex negundo Linn. was obtained by cold
maceration. A dose of 250 mg/kg (1/6 of LD50) of the extract was selected to
study the hepatoprotective action against carbon tetrachloride/induced liver
damage. The extract was found to be effective in preventing liver damage which
was evident by morphological, biochemical and functional parameters.
PMID: 10319130 [PubMed / indexed for MEDLINE]
38: Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi. 1990 Apr;15(4):218/20, 254/5.
[Stability examination of the inclusion compounds of 8 Chinese medicinal
volatile oils with beta/cyclodextrin]
[Article in Chinese]
Li S, Guan S.
Institute of Basic Theory of TCM, China Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine,
Beijing.
The content, hence the stability of volatile oils and their main components in
the inclusion compounds of 8 Chinese medicinal volatile oils with
beta/cyclodextrin have been examined with different storage times. The 8 Chinese
medicines are Vitex negundo var. heterophylla, Notopterygium incisum, Alpinia
officinarum, Atractylodes lancea, Pogostenon cablin, Asarum heterotropoides var.
mandshuricum, Schizonepeta tenuifolia and Amomum villosum.
Publication Types:
English Abstract
PMID: 2206373 [PubMed / indexed for MEDLINE]
39: J Ethnopharmacol. 1989 Dec;27(3):327/39.
Antiandrogenic effects of a flavonoid/rich fraction of Vitex negundo seeds: a
histological and biochemical study in dogs.
Bhargava SK.
Department of Zoology, University of Rajasthan, Jaipur, India.
The ability of the flavonoid/rich fraction (5,7,3'/trihydroxy, 6,8,4'/trimethoxy
flavones) of Vitex negundo seeds to antagonize the androgen action of exogenous
testosterone propionate on the male reproductive system was studied in castrated
prepubertal and intact adult dog. The flavonoid/rich fraction (F) was
administered 10 mg/kg i.p. every other day either alone or in combination with
testosterone propionate. The duration of treatment was 30 days in castrates and
60 days in intacts. Treatment with F caused disruption of the latter stages of
spermatogenesis. The epididymides were devoid of spermatozoa. Protein, sialic
acid and RNA contents of the testes and epididymides were reduced significantly
while testicular cholesterol and phosphatase activity in testes and epididymides
were elevated. Reduced androgen production was reflected in low levels of sialic
acid in testes and epididymides. Castration alone brought about reduction in
size and weight of the epididymides whereas castration followed by F treatment
caused a reduction in the cellular heights of epididymides. Simultaneous
administration of testosterone propionate to F/treated intact adult and
castrated prepubertal dogs maintained the viability of spermatozoa, kept
epididymal physiology relatively normal and significantly increased the cellular
heights of epididymides.
Publication Types:
Research Support, Non/U.S. Gov't
PMID: 2615438 [PubMed / indexed for MEDLINE]
40: Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi. 1989 Jun;14(6):357/9, 383.
[GC/MS analysis of essential oils from four Vitex species]
[Article in Chinese]
Pan JG, Xu ZL, Fan JF.
The chemical constituents of the essential oils obtained from the leaves of
Vitex negundo var. cannabifolia, V. negundo var. heterophylla, V. negundo and V.
trifolia were analysed by GC/MS. Forty compounds including alpha/pinene,
linalool, terpinyl acetate, beta/caryophyllene and caryophyllene oxide, etc.
were identified. Their percentages in oils were given.
Publication Types:
English Abstract
PMID: 2511861 [PubMed / indexed for MEDLINE]
41: Yao Xue Xue Bao. 1980 May;15(5):284/7.
[Studies on the components of essential oils. III. Studies of chemical
constituents of the essential oil from Rhododendron racemosum Franch. (I)
Comparison of the constituents of Vitex negundo L. var. Cannabifolia (Sieb. et
Zucc.) Hand/Mazz. (II) and V. Negundo L. var. Heterophylla (Franch.) Rehd. (III)
(author's transl)]
[Article in Chinese]
Fang HJ, Chen LS, Zhou TH.
Publication Types:
English Abstract
PMID: 7457147 [PubMed / indexed for MEDLINE]
42: Indian Vet J. 1970 Feb;47(2):170/5.
Analgesic studies on Vitex negundo and Valeriana wallichii.
Shrivastava SC, Sisodia CS.
PMID: 5446949 [PubMed / indexed for MEDLINE]
